The basic idea of linked data was outlined by Tim Berners- Lee:

1. All resources should be identified using URIs;

2. All URIs should be dereferenceable, that is HTTP URIs, as it allows looking up the resources identified;

3. When looking up an URI, it leads to more (useful) data about that resource; 

4. Links to other URIs should be included in order to enable the discovery of more data.

 

    Some of the important contributors to this field are: Michael Hausenblas (National University of Ireland), Raphaël Troncy (Amsterdam, The Netherlands), Tobias Bürger (Innsbruck, Austria), Yves Raimond (United Kingdom), Wolfgang Halb (Austria).

 

    Since 2007, when the W3C launched the Linking Open Data (LOD) community project, the Interlinking Multimedia is one of the most researched topic. Referring to Sir Tim Berners-Lee the next generation Web should not be based on the false assumption that text is predominant [...] The Web is a multimedia environment, which makes for complex semantics [2].

 

 

    Is about URI-based mechanism to address fragments of image, audio and video resources. Any URI fragments should be able to access to the parent URI in order to inspect the context.

 

Metadata description of iM must be interoperable in order to reference and integrate with parts of the described media resource. Although many different metadata formats exist [3] the integration of these formats are very difficult because of syntactic and semantic reasons.

 

As in the previous section was mentioned, the integration of the different metadata formats are problematic because of different semantic issues. A new proposal for this integration is the ramm.x project. [7]

 

It’s about diverse methods for an effective interlink between different resources in the Web od Data [5]. Here we must mention the manual interlinking method (ex. CaMiCatzee [8]), collaborative interlinking (ex Media Wiki [9], MetaVidWiki[10] or CMML[11]), Semi-Automatic Methods (Emergent Interlinking[12]) and the Automatic Method (Music Ontology[9])

 

There are a number of challenging problems unsolved, like the semantics od multimedia fragments are undefined. It’s not yet defined how to get multimedia fragments (only a part of the video not the whole content) and the definition of temporal media fragments [5].

 

 

I will also share the references if somebody is searching for more information

[1] T. Berners-Lee. Linked Data, Design Issues.http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html, 27 July 2006.

[2] Berners-Lee, T., Hall, W., Hendler, J. A., O’Hara, K., Shadbolt, N. and Weitzner, D. J. “A Framework forWeb science” In: Foundations and Trends inWeb Science, Vol. 1, No 1, 2006,pp. 1130

[3] M. Hausenblas eds. Multimedia Vocabularies on the Semantic Web, W3C Incubator Group Report. http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/mmsem/ XGR-vocabularies/, 24 July 2007.

[4] V. Tzouvaras eds. Multimedia Annotation Interoperability Framework, W3C Incubator Group Editor’s Draft.  http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/mmsem/XGR-interoperability/, 14 August 2007.

[5] M. Hausenblas, R. Troncy, T. Brüger, Y. Raimond, Interlinking Multimedia - How to Apply Linked Data Principles to Multimedia Fragments, 2009

[6] T. Berners-Lee, R. Fielding, and L. Masinter. Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax, RFC3986. IETF Network Working Group, 2005. http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt.

[7] M. Hausenblas, W. Bailer, T. B¨urger, and R. Troncy. Deploying Multimedia Metadata on the Semantic Web (Poster). In 2nd International Conference on Semantics And digital Media Technologies (SAMT’07), Genova, Italy, 2007.

[8] M. Hausenblas and W. Halb. Interlinking Multimedia Data. In Linking Open Data Triplification Challenge at the International Conference on Semantic Systems (I-Semantics’08), 2008. http://triplify.org/Challenge/Nominations?v=51f.

[9] S. Pfeiffer, C. Parker, and A. Pang. The Continuous Media Markup Language (CMML), Version 2.1. http://www.annodex.net/TR/draft-pfeiffer-cmml-03.html, 2006.

[10] M. Kr¨otzsch, D. Vrandecic, M. V¨olkel, H. Haller, and R. Studer. Semantic Wikipedia. Journal of Web Semantics, 5:251–261, 2007.

[11] S. Pfeiffer, C. Parker, and A. Pang. Specifying time intervals in URI queries and fragments of time-based Web resources. http://www.annodex.net/TR/ draft-pfeiffer-temporal-fragments-03.html, 2005.

[12] T. B¨urger and M. Hausenblas. Interlinking Multimedia - Principles and Requirements. In International Workshop on Interacting with Multimedia Content in the Social Semantic Web (IMC-SSW’08), pages 31–36, Koblenz, Germany, 2008.

[13] T. Berners-Lee, R. Fielding, and L. Masinter. Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax, RFC3986.

IETF Network Working Group, 2005. http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt.

[14] T. B¨urger and M. Hausenblas. Interlinking Multimedia - Principles and Requirements

Innsbruck, Austria, 2008.

[15] Raimond, Y., Sutton, C., and Sandler, C.: “Automatic Interlinking of Music Datasets on the Semantic Web” In: Proceedings of Linked Data on the Web (LDOW2008), Beijing, China, 2008.

[16] Hausenblas, M., Halb,W. “Interlinking Multimedia Data” Linking Open Data Triplification Challenge at the International Conference on Semantic Systems (I-Semantics08) at TRIPLEI, September 2008.

[17] M. Hausenblas and W. Halb. Interlinking of Resources with Semantics (Poster). 5th European Semantic Web Conference (ESWC2008), Tenerife, Spain, 2008.

[18] M. Hausenblas, W. Halb, and Y. Raimond. Scripting User Contributed Interlinking. In 4th Workshop on Scripting for the Semantic Web (SFSW08), Tenerife, Spain, 2008.

[19] Gruen, C. Wikipedia, 2011. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML_database.

[20] Bhowmick, S., Madria, S., & Ng, WWeb Data Management. Springer Verlag, 2004.  

[21] N. Popitsch, B. Schandl, A. Amiri, S. Leitich, and W. Jochum. Ylvi - Multimediaizing the Semantic Wiki. In 1st International Workshop on Semantic Wikis (SemWiki’06), 2006.

[22] I. Jacobs and N. Walsh. Architecture of the World Wide Web, Volume One, W3C Recommendation. http://www.w3.org/TR/webarch/, 15 December 2004.

[23] Y. Raimond, S. Abdallah, M. Sandler, and F. Giasson. The Music Ontology. In 8th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR’07), pages 417–422, Vienna, Austria, 2007.

[24] V. Tzouvaras eds. Multimedia Annotation Interoperability Framework, W3C Incubator Group Editor’s Draft. http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/mmsem/XGR-interoperability/, 14 August 2007.

[25] M. Hausenblas and W. Halb. Interlinking Multimedia Data. In Linking Open Data Triplification Challenge at the International Conference on Semantic Systems (I-Semantics’08), 2008. http://triplify.org/Challenge/Nominations?v=51f.

[26] L. Hardman. Modelling and Authoring Hypermedia Documents. PhD thesis, CWI, Amsterdam, 1998.

[27] L. Hardman, D. C. A. Bulterman, and G. van Rossum. Links in hypermedia: the requirement for context. In HYPERTEXT’93: 4th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia, pages 183–191, Seattle, Washington, USA, 1993.

[28] L. Hardman, J. van Ossenbruggen, K. S. Mullender, L. Rutledge, and D. C. A. Bulterman. Do you have the time? Composition and linking in time-based hypermedia. In HYPERTEXT’99: 10th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia, pages 189–196, New York, NY, USA, 1999.

[29] Y. Lafon and B. Boss. Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP, W3C Note. http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/, 19 April 2002.

[30] Z. Li, H. Davis, and W. Hall. Hypermedia Links and Information Retrieval. 14th Information Retrieval Colloqium, Lancaster University, http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/772/, 1992.